Class Architecture

classDiagram direction TB class Basemodel { +net : pandapowerNet +model : ConcreteModel +results : SolverResults +baseMVA : float +bus_data, line_data, trafo_data ── Sets ── +B b0 bPV +G sG eG gG D L TRANSF SHUNT +Dbs Gbs sGbs ── Parameters ── +A AT baseMVA shift delta_b0 +PD PG PsG GB ── Variables ── +delta[b] pG[g] psG[sg] pD[d] +pLfrom[l] pLto[l] pThv[tr] pTlv[tr] Tap[tr] +solve(solver) +add_storage() +change_vals() fix_vars() unfix_vars() } class AC { <<power flow — AC>> ── Parameters ── +Gii[l] Bii[l] Gik[l] Bik[l] +GiiT[tr] BiiT[tr] GikT[tr] BikT[tr] +BB[shunt] v_b0 QsG[sg] QD[d] v_bPV ── Variables ── +v[b] qG[g] qsG[sg] qD[d] +qLfrom[l] qLto[l] qThv[tr] qTlv[tr] ── Constraints ── +KCL_real[b] KCL_reactive[b] +KVL_real_from[l] KVL_real_to[l] +KVL_reactive_from[l] KVL_reactive_to[l] +KVL_*Transf[tr] v_bPV_setpoint[b] } class DC { <<power flow — DC linearised>> ── Parameters ── +BL[l] BLT[tr] ── Variables ── +deltaL[l] deltaLT[tr] ── Constraints ── +KCL_const[b] +KVL_real_from[l] KVL_real_to[l] +KVL_trans_from[tr] KVL_trans_to[tr] +phase_diff1[l] phase_diff2[tr] } class OPF { <<mixin — operational limits>> ── Sets ── +sGc Dc ── Parameters ── +sPGmax[sg] sPGmin[sg] +PGmax[g] PGmin[g] +PDmax[d] PDmin[d] +SLmax[l] SLmaxT[tr] ── Constraints ── +PsG_Constraint[sg] +PG_Constraint[g] +PD_Constraint[d] +add_OPF() +add_tap_changer_linear() +add_tap_changer_discrete() } class ACOPF { ── Sets ── +WIND WINDc sGnc Bfix WIND_HC ── Parameters ── +Vmax[b] Vmin[b] +QGmax[g] QGmin[g] +QsGmax[sg] QsGmin[sg] (mutable) +QDmax[d] QDmin[d] +var_q[w] PsG_inst[w] ── Constraints ── +line_lim_from[l] line_lim_to[l] +transf_lim1[tr] transf_lim2[tr] +v_pyo[b] +QsG_pyo[sg] QG_pyo[g] QD_pyo[d] +QW_pos_pyo[w] QW_neg_pyo[w] +QU_min_pyo[w] QU_max_pyo[w] ── Objectives (add separately) ── +obj_v_deviation +obj_reactive +add_OPF() +add_voltage_deviation_objective() +add_reactive_power_flow_objective() +add_active_change_objective() } class DCOPF { ── Constraints ── +line_lim_from[l] line_lim_to[l] +transf_lim1[tr] transf_lim2[tr] +add_OPF() } class HC_ACOPF { ── Sets ── +WIND_HC (wind HC generators) ── Parameters ── +SWmax[w] SWmin[w] (mutable) +eps (mutable weight) ── Variables ── +y[w] : Binary ── Constraints ── +SW_max_constraint[w] +SW_min_constraint[w] +QW_min_constraint[w] QW_max_constraint[w] +QU_min_hc_constraint[w] QU_max_hc_constraint[w] ── Objective ── +obj (maximise hosted wind generation) +add_OPF() +add_loss_obj() } Basemodel <|-- AC : extends Basemodel <|-- DC : extends Basemodel <|-- OPF : extends AC <|-- ACOPF : multiple inheritance OPF <|-- ACOPF : multiple inheritance DC <|-- DCOPF : multiple inheritance OPF <|-- DCOPF : multiple inheritance ACOPF <|-- HC_ACOPF : extends

classDiagram direction TB class Basemodel_multi_period { +net : pandapowerNet +model : ConcreteModel +results : SolverResults +fromT toT T : int +profiles : dict +flexibilities : list ── Sets ── +T B b0 bPV L TRANSF LE ── Parameters ── +deltaT A AT shift delta_b0 baseMVA ── Variables ── +delta[b,t] +pLfrom[l,t] pLto[l,t] +pThv[tr,t] pTlv[tr,t] Tap[tr,t] +solve(solver) +make_to_dict() make_to_tuple() +change_vals() fix_vars() unfix_vars() } class AC_multi_period { <<power flow — AC, time-indexed>> ── Parameters ── +Gii[l] Bii[l] Gik[l] Bik[l] +GiiT[tr] BiiT[tr] GikT[tr] BikT[tr] +BB[shunt] v_b0 ── Variables ── +v[b,t] qG[g,t] +qLfrom[l,t] qLto[l,t] +qThv[tr,t] qTlv[tr,t] ── Constraints ── +KCL_real[b,t] KCL_reactive[b,t] +KVL_real_from[l,t] KVL_real_to[l,t] +KVL_reactive_from[l,t] KVL_reactive_to[l,t] +KVL_*Transf[tr,t] } class OPF_multi_period { <<mixin — operational limits>> ── Parameters ── +SLmax[l] SLmaxT[tr] (mutable, time-independent) +add_OPF() +add_tap_changer_linear() +add_tap_changer_discrete() } class ACOPF_multi_period { +v_limits ── Parameters ── +Vmax[b] Vmin[b] (mutable, time-independent) ── Constraints ── +line_lim_from[l,t] line_lim_to[l,t] +transf_lim1[tr,t] transf_lim2[tr,t] +v_constraint[b,t] ── Objectives (add separately) ── +obj_v_deviation +Objective (demand minimisation) +obj (generation minimisation) +add_OPF() +add_voltage_deviation_objective() +add_minimize_power_objective() +add_generation_objective() +add_weighted_generation_objective() } Basemodel_multi_period <|-- AC_multi_period : extends Basemodel_multi_period <|-- OPF_multi_period : extends AC_multi_period <|-- ACOPF_multi_period : multiple inheritance OPF_multi_period <|-- ACOPF_multi_period : multiple inheritance

classDiagram direction LR class ACOPF_multi_period { +model : ConcreteModel +flexibilities : list } class Flexibility_multi_period { <<base>> +net baseMVA +buses_excl_extGrids +PD_data QD_data GB_data +get_sets(model) +make_to_dict(...) } class Battery_multi_period { +bat_power bat_cap : float +bat_efficiency bat_percentage +random_indexes : ndarray ── Sets ── +BAT BAT_bus ── Parameters ── +BAT_Pmax[b] BAT_SOCmax[b] BAT_SOCmin[b] +BAT_Cap[b] BAT_Eff[b] BAT_SOC_init[b] ── Variables ── +BAT_P[b,t] BAT_SOC[b,t] ── Constraints ── +bat_power_con[b,t] +bat_soc_con[b,t] +bat_soc_update_con[b,t] +get_all(model) } class EVs_multi_period { ── Sets: EV EV_bus ── ── Vars: EV_P[e,t] EV_SOC[e,t] ── ── Constrs: ev_power_con ev_soc_update_con ── +get_all(model) } class HeatPump_multi_period { ── Sets: HP HP_bus ── ── Vars: HP_P[h,t] ── ── Constrs: hp_power_con[h,t] ── +get_all(model) } class PV_multi_period { ── Sets: PV PV_bus ── ── Vars: PV_P[pv,t] ── ── Constrs: pv_power_con[pv,t] ── +get_all(model) } class Windpower_multi_period { ── Sets: WIND WIND_bus ── ── Vars: WIND_P[w,t] ── +get_all(model) } class Demand_multi_period { ── Sets: D (re-declared) ── ── Params: PD[d,t] QD[d,t] ── +get_all(model) } class Sgens_multi_period { ── Sets: sG sGc ── ── Params: PsG[sg,t] QsG[sg,t] ── +get_all(model) } class Generator_multi_period { ── Sets: G eG gG ── ── Params: PG[g,t] QG[g,t] ── ── Vars: pG[g,t] qG[g,t] ── +get_all(model) } Flexibility_multi_period <|-- Battery_multi_period Flexibility_multi_period <|-- EVs_multi_period Flexibility_multi_period <|-- HeatPump_multi_period Flexibility_multi_period <|-- PV_multi_period Flexibility_multi_period <|-- Windpower_multi_period Flexibility_multi_period <|-- Demand_multi_period Flexibility_multi_period <|-- Sgens_multi_period Flexibility_multi_period <|-- Generator_multi_period ACOPF_multi_period "1" *-- "0..*" Flexibility_multi_period : get_all(model)

opf = ACOPF_multi_period(net, toT=96)       # builds model.T, model.L, model.delta…

battery = Battery_multi_period(opf.net, T=96, scenario=1)
battery.get_all(opf.model)                  # stamps BAT, BAT_P, bat_*_con onto model

opf.add_OPF()                               # reads BAT sets for KCL battery injection
opf.add_voltage_deviation_objective()
opf.solve(solver="ipopt")

net ──► __init__()       builds model.B, model.L, power-flow eqs
         │
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        add_OPF()        stamps voltage/thermal/Q limits and generator bounds
         │
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        add_*_objective() activates exactly one Pyomo Objective
         │
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        solve(solver)    calls Pyomo SolverFactory; writes self.results
         │
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        pyo_to_net()     reads Pyomo solution back into net.res_bus,
                         net.res_line, net.res_sgen, …

model = ACOPF(net)
model.add_storage()      # adds STOR, STOR_Pchg[s], STOR_Pdis[s], STOR_SOC[s]
model.add_OPF()